Elizabeth M. Miller is a Professor of Anthropology in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of South Florida. She is a biological anthropologist whose work focuses on the biology of contemporary people, with emphasis on mothers and infants. Her interests include human milk, breastfeeding and maternal support, microbiomes, and womens iron metabolism. She uses evolutionary and biocultural theory to understand why reproductive-aged women are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia, making pregnancy especially dangerous to those affected. Her other research foci are highly collaborative with colleagues in medicine, nursing, and public health. This interdisciplinary work falls into two main categories: 1) the role of the microbiome on growth in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants in clinical settings; 2) breastfeeding and Black women in the US, particularly Tampa. Her book with Oxford University Press, Thicker than water: A social and evolutionary study of iron deficiency and women, explores how womens evolved bodies risk iron deficiency in unequal social contexts. This book was the recipient of the William White Howells Prize 2025 from the American Anthropological Association Biological Anthropology Section.